Peru's ascendancy in the blueberry industry can be attributed to two pivotal factors: climate conditions and the genetic suitability for blueberry cultivation. An optimal temperate climate with a desert-arid-subtropical character prevails across nearly the entire coastal expanse. This climatic regime plays a fundamental role in ensuring the production of high-quality blueberries. Moreover, this climate proves to be of paramount significance in expediting the early-stage production of blueberries, thus accelerating the pace of varietal replacement trials in comparison to other geographic locations. The nation's climate allows for rapid experimentation with different varieties.
“It is possible to plant a new blueberry cultivar and initiate its exportation within a mere eight months, bestowing Peru with a competitive advantage in this swiftly evolving industry,” says Luis Miguel Vegas, general manager of Proarándanos. This competitive edge has contributed to the ongoing transformation of the blueberry varietal landscape in Peru.
In 2022/23 the country exported a record 286 thousand tonnes of fresh blueberries, according to industry data for the year ending 30 April 2023. However, the 2023 blueberry season has brought unique challenges, primarily due to the impact of the El Niño phenomenon. Unusually warm weather, with temperatures approximately five degrees Celsius above historical averages, has hampered blueberry production.
The current blueberry season in Peru has seen production levels plummet, with around 60,000 tons produced, nearly 50 percent lower than the previous year. This downward trend is expected to continue until the end of October. “Until the end of October, we are going to continue with volumes between 40 and 50 percent below last year and for the following months, there should be a recovery, but we do not know what the extent of this recovery will be. We will have to follow production closely in the following weeks,” says Luis Miguel Vegas.
Source: Agronometrics Global Trade Data
Various blueberry cultivars have exhibited distinct responses to the climatic conditions induced by El Niño. While some have consistently sustained their production levels, others, such as Ventura, have encountered setbacks resulting in delayed harvests or reduced yields due to inadequate cold hours. This divergence in the weather's influence has presented formidable challenges for both cultivators and exporters.
“There are producers with certain varieties that have been performing very well, despite the weather, having excellent size, quality and arriving at their destination in excellent condition, but there are other varieties that are not even producing, that have not even been able to be exported,” says Luis Miguel Vegas.
As of the conclusion of week 38, the exported volume registered a notable decline of 52 percent in comparison to the volume recorded during the corresponding period in the preceding season. When broken down by destination, the decrease in export volumes is apparent across the board. For instance, in the United States, which makes up 45 percent of the season's exports, there has been a steep decline of almost 60 percent in the volume sent to this destination. In Europe, comprising 22 percent of this season's exports, there has been a decrease of 54 percent. China, representing 21 percent of this season's exports, has seen a notable decrease of 38 percent. The United Kingdom, accounting for 7 percent of this season's shipments, is down by 31 percent. And for other destinations, making up 5 percent of this season's exports, there has been an 8 percent decrease.
Source: Agronometrics Global Trade Data
The delayed pruning of blueberry plants to maximize production during the current season is a noteworthy strategy employed by some growers. However, it is too early to assess how this strategy will impact production in the following season. The future production levels will largely depend on the upcoming weather conditions and the recovery in the months ahead.
The scarcity of blueberries during the current season has precipitated an increase in prices, conferring advantages upon companies specializing in less-affected varieties. The pricing dynamics have closely paralleled those observed in 2017, with average prices nearly doubling in comparison to the preceding year.
At present, Biloxi and Ventura varieties constitute a significant majority, accounting for 65 percent of the total production. “The dominance of these varieties is expected to recede in the coming years. It is conceivable that within the next five years, their share could diminish to approximately 30 percent, making way for new, more resilient and flavorful varieties developed through genetic programs,” says Miguel Vegas. This evolution promises to delight consumers and bolster Peru's reputation as a top blueberry producer. These new varieties prioritize post-harvest life, productivity, and, above all, flavor—factors that resonate with discerning consumers worldwide.
In response to evolving consumer preferences and market demands, the Peruvian blueberry industry continues to adapt. The industry also recognizes the potential for growth in Asian markets, particularly China. With sophisticated consumers willing to pay a premium for quality products, Peru aims to increase its presence in the Asian market, raising its current 15 percent share to 30 percent.
The Peruvian blueberry industry is encountering unique challenges in the 2023 season as a consequence of the El Niño phenomenon. Nonetheless, Peru's intrinsic strengths, characterized by resilience, position it favorably for prospective triumphs. As the sector undergoes a shift towards novel and superior blueberry cultivars while delving into expansion opportunities within Asian markets, its steadfast dedication to providing high-caliber blueberries to a global consumer base remains unwavered.
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